Category: Case study

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Geophysical, geochemical, and structural investigations of natural non-volcanic degassing in Oliveto Citra area (southern Apennines)

Reference: Di Napoli, M., Caracausi, A., Corradino, M., Fedele, A., Moretti, M., Pepe, F., … & Valenti, V. (2025). Geophysical, geochemical, and structural investigations of natural non-volcanic degassing in Oliveto Citra area (southern Apennines): Understandings of structural controls on CO2 leakage. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 173, 107198. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2024.107264

Application summary: The study describes the use of an integrated approach (geophysical, geochemical, and structural) to characterize non-volcanic CO2 upwelling systems. Within the geophysical workflow, smartTomo software was used to process seismic refraction tomography data.

Technical contribution of smartTomo: The software enabled the reconstruction of high-resolution compression wave velocity (Vp) models. The analysis of tomographic profiles was used to identify the main fault zones and structural discontinuities that act as conduits for fluid migration to the surface.

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Case study – Model of alluvial deposits at the foot of a slope

Introduction

SmartTomo’s ability to process complex refraction tomographic profiles is tested using data computed on synthetic velocity models. The synthetic velocity model represents a geologic model sketched with the characteristics to be tested. The synthetic model is used to simulate a refraction seismic acquisition by recording arrival times at the geophone location. The recorded data will be used to perform tomographic processing in order to compare the tomographic result with the synthetic geological model (groundtruth).

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Case study – Detection of a tunnel.

In this work, seismic refraction tomography (SRT) was performed to investigate the characteristics of the subsoil and to investigate the evidence of the presence of a tunnel used for the carrying of water.

Tomographic profile showing an anomaly in seismic velocity

The survey was carried out using 24 vertical geophones and performing a high number of vertical energizations both inside and outside the line, in order to have a good coverage by seismic rays throughout the section.

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Case study: Evaluation of the depth of the rupture surface of a landslide

Following the rupture of an water pipeline, a landslide movement occurred in an area classified as highly susceptible to collapse. The event dislocated a retaining wall and created tension cracks in the ground. In order to define the geometry of the materials involved in the movement, a seismic survey was carried out using the technique of seismic refraction tomography and the MASW.

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